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Capital assets are significant pieces of property such as homes, cars, investment properties, stocks, bonds, and even collectibles or art. Any profit arising from the sale of a ‘capital asset’ is referred to as a capital gain. This gain or profit is considered as ‘income’ and therefore applicable to be taxed. Capital gains tax can be short-term or long term and must be paid within the same year as the transfer of asset. In India, assets received as gifts or by way of a will or inheritance is exempt from taxation. However, if the individual inheriting the asset choses to sell it, capital gain tax will be applicable.
Ready Reckoner Rate, also known as circle rate, is the minimum selling price of a property, set by the State Government. It is the minimum value of an asset, at which it must be registered at the time of its transfer. It is used for the calculation of stamp duty, property tax and various other registration fees. The Ready Reckoner Rate is updated periodically by the State Government to reflect the current market conditions. Individuals selling or buying properties at a rate less than the prevailing Ready Reckoner Rate can be penalised by authorities.
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is a housing initiative by the central government launched in 2015 with the aim to provide “Housing for All” by 2022. It is divided into two parts; PMAY- Urban and PMAY-Gramin catering to urban and rural housing respectively. PMAY-U aims to construct 20 million houses for EWS and LIG groups in urban areas via promotion of in-situ slum redevelopment, subsidies to private companies for construction of affordable housing projects and a Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) for home loans availed by EWS, LIG and MIG groups. PMAY – G aims to provide a ‘pucca’ house, with basic amenities like piped drinking water, electricity connection, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) connection through various state run schemes.
An easement refers to a party's right to use or improve portions of another party's property, or to prevent the owner from using or improving the property in certain ways. The first type is referred to as affirmative easement, e.g. A utility company may have the right to run a gas line through a person's property or pedestrians may have the right to use a footpath that passes through that property. A negative easement restricts the title-holder from doing something, e.g. An owner may not be allowed to build a structure in his garden that would block his neighbour's light.
Housing units in metropolitan cities such as Delhi-National Capital Region, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai-Mumbai Metropolitan Region, and Kolkata, that are worth up to 45lac rupees and measure up to 60 sq. m of carpet area are considered as affordable housing units. A housing unit in any Indian city other than the ones listed above qualifies as an affordable house if it costs up to 45lac rupees and has up to 90 sq. m of carpet area.
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A restrictive covenant is an agreement that a seller writes into a buyer’s deed of property that restricts how the buyer may use that property. For example, the seller may want the buyer to leave a building’s original façade intact. As long as they don’t break the law, restrictive covenants can be as specific and arbitrary as the parties are willing to agree to.
The ‘Saat-Baara-Utara’ is the regional term for 7/12 Extract Document in Maharashtra. The document is maintained by the Revenue Department of the state for the purpose of tax collection. It is issued by the Tehsildar or the concerned land authority. It is an important indicator of the legal status and includes information pertaining to the ancestral history of the land, i.e., past disputes, litigations, court orders, etc. For agricultural land, this extracts also records the types of crop grown on the land in the past.
Encroachment occurs when a individual that is not the property owner intrudes on or interferes with the property, e.g. trespassing by way of building something that lays partially on the adjoining property or even by planting a tree with branches that hang over onto the adjoining property. An encroachment creates an encumbrance on both properties until the issue is resolved.
A sale is a complete out-and-out transfer of ownership of a property (with all its rights and liabilities) from one person (or more) to another (or more) in exchange for a consideration, i.e. money. As per Section (17) of the Registration Act 1908 registration of a sale is mandatory when the value of the immoveable property exceeds INR 100/-. If a property is transferred for something other than money, the transaction is referred to as an exchange and not a sale.
A data centre is a physical room, building or facility that houses IT infrastructure for building, running, and delivering applications and services, and for storing and managing the data associated with those applications and services. Data centres have evolved in recent years from privately-owned, tightly-controlled on-premises facilities housing traditional IT infrastructure for the exclusive use of one company, to remote facilities or networks of facilities owned by cloud service providers housing virtualized IT infrastructure for the shared use of multiple companies and customers.
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