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Construction and demolition (C&D) waste refers to waste generated from construction, renovation, repair, and demolition of houses, large building structures, roads, bridges and dams. It also includes any surplus and damaged products and material arising through the course of construction work or used temporarily during the course of on-site activities. Materials found in C&D waste can be but are not limited to wood, steel, concrete, gypsum, masonry, plaster, metal, and asphalt. C&D waste can contain hazardous materials such as asbestos and lead.
The finishing stage in the construction cycle is the process of completing the construction project. This includes painting, installing flooring, and completing any final touches. The finishing stage is critical as it ensures that the building is ready for occupancy. Finishing is a very labour intensive process which requires detailed project planning to ensure all activities are done in the right sequence to avoid any quality issues in the future.
Configuration refers to the arrangements of different elements in a particular form or combination. In real estate, configuration refers to the arrangement of different rooms in a single unit (flat).
Precast concrete, also known as prefabricated concrete is an alternative to cast-in-situ concrete. It is produced at an off-site controlled factory environment where moulds are used to cast elements such as slabs, walls, columns, beams, etc which are then transported to the construction site for assembly. This method eliminates the need for time-consuming on-site casting and curing, allowing for faster project completion.
Flat owners that pay upwards of INR 7,500 per month in maintenance fees are liable to pay GST at the rate of 18% on the full sum paid. An individual who owns multiple apartments in the same housing society, will be taxed separately for each unit. Housing societies and Residents� Welfare Associations that collect more than INR 7,500 per unit per month and have an annual turnover exceeding 20 lac rupees must pay 18% GST. These entities are entitled to claim ITC on tax paid by them on capital goods as well as maintenance and repair services.
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The aluminium formwork system is a building system used to form cast-in-place concrete structures of buildings. This formwork is made of aluminium alloy, which is very strong and has high tensile strength. Unlike steel, aluminium can be used several times. Lightweight aluminium is also easy to handle and quick to operate making it highly adaptable and cost-effective.
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a composite building material that consists of structural concrete and a reinforcing material such as steel. The tensile strength of steel and the compressive strength of concrete work together to sustain stresses over considerable spans. The reinforcing steel can be in the form of rods, bars, or mesh. The invention of reinforced concrete in the 19th century revolutionized the construction industry, and concrete became one of the world�s most common building materials.
Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) in construction refers to a type of concrete that consists of cement, fine aggregates (such as sand), coarse aggregates (such as gravel or crushed stone), and water. PCC is a simple and commonly used form of concrete that does not contain any reinforcing materials like steel bars. It is primarily used for non-structural components or applications where structural strength is not a critical factor.
Mivan is a type of construction technology that involves the use of aluminium formworks for casting concrete. Unlike the traditional RCC method which relies on timber and plywood, Mivan employs lightweight high-strength aluminium panels. This method enables swift assembly, improves precision, is easy to handle and can be reused multiple times.
3D printing in construction involves adding material layers via computer-controlled processes to create 3D structures. 3D printers are helpful for both on-site construction and off-site manufacturing of components that can be assembled later. The printer receives dimensions from a software program and builds the structure on a platform using materials such as cement, plastic, or liquid metals.
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